THE ROLE OF PROTEIN, FAT, CARBOHYDRATES AND VITAMINS IN THE CHILDREN'S BODY, SIGNS OF DEFICIENCY AND MEASURES TO MAINTAIN BALANCE
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Abstract
Childhood nutrition requires a careful balance of macronutrients and micronutrients to support growth, development and long-term health. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates provide energy and building blocks for tissue synthesis, while vitamins regulate metabolism and physiological functions. Deficiencies or excesses of these nutrients can lead to clinical problems such as growth failure, immune dysfunction, and metabolic disorders. International organizations (WHO, UNICEF) provide guidelines on adequate nutrient intakes and dietary practices. This review systematically examines the physiological roles of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in children; the importance of vitamins; signs of deficiency; recommended daily intakes; practical diet recommendations; and considerations for special situations (food allergies, malabsorption, vegetarian diets). Attention is given to WHO/UNICEF feeding recommendations and scientific evidence for nutrient requirements. The goal is to present a comprehensive, scholarly translation of the original Uzbek article into academic English, with appropriate references to current guidelines and literature.
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References
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